{"id":6740,"date":"2016-09-13T12:11:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-13T12:11:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/statescoop.scpnewsgrp.com\/nonprofit-sues-chicago-agency-over-police-data-release-dispute\/"},"modified":"2021-09-03T14:17:57","modified_gmt":"2021-09-03T18:17:57","slug":"nonprofit-sues-chicago-agency-over-police-data-release-dispute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statescoop.com\/nonprofit-sues-chicago-agency-over-police-data-release-dispute\/","title":{"rendered":"Nonprofit sues Chicago agency over police data release dispute"},"content":{"rendered":"

A Chicago nonprofit\u2019s push to study city police response data is now headed to a courtroom, thanks to a software provider\u2019s claim that the release of some of that data would hurt its business.<\/p>\n

The Chicago Justice Project filed a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit<\/a> against the city\u2019s Office of Emergency Management and Communications late last month, alleging\u00a0the agency improperly denied the group\u2019s public records request for \u201cdata dictionaries\u201d to shed some light on a database detailing four years worth of police calls for service.<\/p>\n

Tracy Siska, the justice project\u2019s executive director, told StateScoop\u00a0the dispute stems from his attempts to analyze that data, which details how police respond to 911 calls, stretching back to January. Though the emergency management office eventually agreed to release that data set \u201cafter delay after delay,\u201d Siska said many of the fields were completely indecipherable.<\/p>\n

\u201cSome of the stuff was obvious, the date, the police event type,\u201d Siska said. \u201cIt was the other stuff related to police response that we had no earthly idea about. There was a field that was a mixture between letters and numbers, some kind of code.\u201d<\/p>\n

Accordingly, he went back to the agency and asked for the data dictionaries that accompany the database to serve as a key to decode those complex fields. But when they refused, he simply filed another public records request for those documents, prompting the FOIA denial now at issue. <\/p>\n

\u201cI said, \u2018OK, I\u2019ll send another FOIA in and get this data dictionary, I don\u2019t know why you\u2019re making me do this,\u201d Siska said. \u201cThey basically responded saying releasing it would reveal trade secrets of Northrop Grumman, and thus it was barred from release.\u201d<\/p>\n

Indeed, the agency claimed that Northrop Grumman \u2014\u00a0which provides it with the software necessary to manage its call system \u2014\u00a0hoped to protect that data through non-disclosure agreements with the city, as its release would \u201cdamage the company\u2019s ability to compete for similar state and local programs for public safety service.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThe market for state and local government public safety products is very competitive with few competitors,\u201d the agency\u2019s FOIA officer wrote in a letter to Siska. \u201cA company\u2019s technological advances are amongst the key differentiating factors in this industry…Release of this information would also provide insight into Northrop Grumman\u2019s technical approach, enabling competitors to reverse engineer their technology.\u201d<\/p>\n

Documentation dispute<\/strong><\/p>\n

But when Siska filed yet another request for documents from Northrop Grumman detailing the nature of its agreements with the city surrounding the data, he said they merely gave him a letter from Northrop dated after all of his original correspondence with the city.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt basically looks like they came up with an excuse, then got a letter from Northrop trying to justify the excuse,\u201d Siska said. \u201cThe law is clear, you can\u2019t retroactively design an excuse\u2026They had to know right then and there they had definitive proof that what we were asking for was covered by trade secrets. They had nothing, clearly they made it up.\u201d<\/p>\n

Spokespeople for the agency did not respond to requests for comment from StateScoop about Siska\u2019s claim. A Northrop Grumman spokesperson declined to answer questions about the case, writing in an email that \u201c[the agency] asked if we believed the Northrop Grumman information [the nonprofit] requested was exempt from disclosure under FOIA, and we responded to that request.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yet Siska is skeptical that the company has any substantial interest in protecting that data, and he worries the city is merely trying to prevent him from studying the information. Specifically, he\u2019s interested in learning more about how seriously police officers treat complaints about sexual assaults based on which neighborhoods those calls come from.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve heard, anecdotally, of disparities existing across different communities, now we\u2019d be able to prove it or disprove it,\u201d Siska said. \u201cBecause if you look at just police data, all you get is what they write a report for, what they consider a credible incident, and you have to move on from there. You don\u2019t know the world of calls, so we\u2019d be able to see disparities\u00a0if they exist.\u201d<\/p>\n

What makes a trade secret?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Luckily for Siska, public records experts claim\u00a0FOIA\u00a0allows him access to\u00a0the data dictionaries, clearing\u00a0him to perform that sort of analysis.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf the data dictionary is basically a legend interpreting this data set, this spreadsheet, then it\u2019s not going to be useful without a data dictionary,\u201d said Maryam Judar, executive director of the Illinois-based Citizen Advocacy Center. \u201cSo from a public interest perspective, the release of the data dictionary is in the public interest and, under FOIA, there\u2019s a strong presumption for disclosure and it\u2019s the public body that decides whether or not it\u2019s going to take an exemption.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sara Kropf, an attorney running her own practice in Washington, D.C., said that sort of argument might make for a \u201cgood opening statement,\u201d but there are\u00a0better points to make around the city\u2019s invocation of the trade secrets exemption.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey can\u2019t just say, \u2018We don\u2019t want to give it up,\u2019 of course they don\u2019t want to give it up,\u201d Kropf said. \u201cBut does it actually fit the definition within the exemption itself? I don\u2019t quite see an answer to that yet.\u201d<\/p>\n

[Read more: Illinois weighs bill to speed access to police video footage<\/a>]<\/em><\/p>\n

Eric David, an attorney with the North Carolina law firm Brooks Pierce, noted that there are certainly plenty of cases where vendors successfully protect their trade secrets when contracting with the government. He allows that it\u2019s \u201centirely possible\u201d that Northrop \u201cslices the bread one way, and it\u2019s different from everybody else\u201d when it comes to compiling the call for service data.<\/p>\n

But he admits that he\u2019s a bit puzzled that the emergency communications agency didn\u2019t provide a more robust response to Siska\u2019s request for documentation outlining why the data is protected as trade secrets.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere has to be a contract and I don\u2019t understand why they wouldn\u2019t have produced that in response to the FOIA request,\u201d David said. \u201cNorthrop Grumman is not doing business with the city of Chicago without a contract, I don\u2019t believe that. So what would typically happen is the contract can designate trade secrets and the city says \u2018We\u2019ll do our best to protect them.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Yet Kropf doesn\u2019t think that even evidence of some contractual agreement would be enough to\u00a0convince a judge.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe court isn\u2019t just going to defer to that, especially because the government relies so much on third party vendors to provide information to the government that, if we relied on contractual provisions to control it, then it\u2019d swallow up FOIA,\u201d Kropf said. \u201cThe court is going to be careful not to hurt Northrop Grumman along the way, but I think they’re\u00a0going to have to\u00a0say more than, ‘We have a contractual provision.’\u201d<\/p>\n

David suggested \u00a0the nondisclosure agreements that the city referenced in its FOIA denial letter could give the agency some cover, since they show the company took \u201creasonable measures to protect\u201d the data dictionaries. Yet Don Craven, an Illinois attorney specializing in media law, noted that previous state court decisions indicate that a judge wouldn\u2019t uphold such an agreement.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf a public body can simply agree to keep public records private, [that] sort of blows a hole in that whole \u2018public records’ theory doesn’t it?\u201d Craven wrote in an email.<\/p>\n

Indeed, Judar argues that \u201cjust saying it\u2019s proprietary isn\u2019t enough,\u201d and believes \u201cthere have to be some facts that bolster their point.\u201d Kropf expected that someone from Northrop Grumman could deliver an affidavit to that effect, and David even thinks the court could allow them to do so confidentially.<\/p>\n

\u201cSomebody\u2019s going to have come in from Northrop Grumman and say, \u2018Here\u2019s a little bit more about what the information is, here\u2019s why it\u2019s proprietary, here\u2019s the time and money we\u2019ve invested in creating it, here\u2019s why it\u2019s unique, not what everybody else is doing, and here\u2019s why it would harm us,\u2019\u201d David said. \u201cIt\u2019s a very tricky thing to do, to explain why something is a trade secret without revealing the trade secret.\u201d<\/p>\n

More legal action, or a compromise?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kropf and David even suggested that the company could go one step further and file a \u201creverse FOIA lawsuit\u201d to prevent the city from releasing the data, and Judar notes that there is some precedent in Illinois for businesses to take that sort of action.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe tell will be, will Northrop Grumman come in and litigate the case?\u201d David said. \u201cBecause the city, let\u2019s assume there\u2019s not some ulterior motive not to disclose the information, then the city doesn\u2019t really care about the trade secrets, it\u2019s just that Northrop Grumman does. If it really is their position, then they\u2019ll intervene in the case and help the city with the defense.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yet both David and Kropf think a judge could help the two sides negotiate an amicable deal to end the case quickly before things get that far.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt strikes me that there\u2019s a practical solution here much more than a legal one,\u201d Kropf said. \u201cThere could be a compromise here, where enough information is given to the Chicago Justice Project where they understand what these data fields are but not giving them anything that goes to Northrop\u2019s trade secrets or proprietary processes to collect the information.\u201d<\/p>\n

Siska is indeed hopeful to earn a \u201cquick settlement\u201d in the case, but he laments that \u201cin Chicago, you never know.\u201d After all, he noted that Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Chicago\u2019s police department have faced plenty of scrutiny<\/a> over a lack of transparency in recent months, yet he\u2019s locked in a court battle over the release of records all the same.<\/p>\n

\u201cEspecially in Chicago, this is just the way they\u2019ve always operated, and unless there\u2019s marching orders to the contrary, this is the way they\u2019re always going to operate,\u201d Siska said. \u201cClearly, whoever sends the marching orders hasn\u2019t done so, despite all of the events that have occurred in Chicago and nationwide over the last nine, 12, 15, 18 months. Astonishing, but not surprising.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thanks to a claim that a database of police calls for service contains sensitive information from the city’s software provider, the Chicago Justice Project is heading to court.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":95,"featured_media":39356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_grayscale_images":true,"grayscale_contrast":0,"sponsored_content":false,"display_author_bio":true,"story_type":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[20650,4676],"tags":[202,5275,1186,1185,1021,811,323,4,190,175,174,29,14,13,12],"people":[],"special-report":[],"authors":[],"class_list":["post-6740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-analytics","category-city","tag-emergency-management","tag-data-analytics","tag-police-data","tag-police-databases","tag-foia","tag-chicago","tag-illinois","tag-tech-news","tag-transparency","tag-open-data","tag-open-government","tag-states","tag-law-enforcement","tag-public-safety","tag-state-local-news"],"yoast_head":"\nNonprofit 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