{"id":71539,"date":"2025-06-18T10:53:23","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T14:53:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/statescoop.com\/?p=71539"},"modified":"2025-06-18T12:28:43","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T16:28:43","slug":"state-personal-healthcare-data-shared-big-tech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/statescoop.com\/state-personal-healthcare-data-shared-big-tech\/","title":{"rendered":"We caught 4 more states sharing personal health data with Big Tech"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/pixel-hunt\/2025\/06\/17\/we-caught-4-more-states-sharing-personal-health-data-with-big-tech\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/static\/img\/republish-logo.png?we-caught-4-more-states-sharing-personal-health-data-with-big-tech\" alt=\"Originally published on themarkup.org\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>State-run health care websites around the country, meant to provide a simple way to shop for insurance, have been quietly sending visitors\u2019 sensitive health information to Google and social media companies, The Markup and CalMatters found.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The data, including prescription drug names and dosages, was sent by web trackers on state exchanges set up under the Affordable Care Act to help Americans purchase health coverage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The exchange websites ask users to answer a series of questions, including about their health histories, to find them the most relevant information on plans. But in some cases, when visitors responded to sensitive questions, the invisible trackers sent that information to platforms like Google, LinkedIn, and Snapchat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Markup and CalMatters audited the websites of all 19 states that independently operate their own online health exchange. While most of the sites contained advertising trackers of some kind, The Markup and CalMatters found that four states exposed visitors\u2019 sensitive health information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevada\u2019s exchange, Nevada Health Link, asks visitors about what prescriptions they use, including the names and dosages of the drugs, to help them find their best options for health insurance. When visitors start typing, it suggests specific medications, including antidepressants, birth control and hormone therapies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As visitors answered the questions, their responses were sent to LinkedIn and Snapchat, according to tests conducted by The Markup and CalMatters in April and May.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other side of the country, Maine\u2019s exchange, CoverME.gov, sent information on drug prescriptions and dosages to Google through an analytics tool. It also sent the names of doctors and hospitals that people had previously visited.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rhode Island\u2019s exchange, HealthSource RI, sent prescription information, dosages, and doctors\u2019 names to Google.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Massachusetts Health Connector, another exchange, told LinkedIn whether visitors said they were pregnant, blind, or disabled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After being contacted by The Markup and CalMatters, Nevada\u2019s health exchange stopped sending visitors\u2019 data to Snapchat and Massachusetts stopped sending data to LinkedIn. Additionally, The Markup and CalMatters found that Nevada stopped sending data to LinkedIn in early May, as we were testing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Markup and CalMatters discovered the sharing after finding that California\u2019s exchange, Covered California, <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/pixel-hunt\/2025\/04\/28\/how-california-sent-residents-personal-health-data-to-linkedin\">told LinkedIn when a visitor indicated<\/a> they were blind, pregnant, or a victim of domestic violence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Experts said state health exchanges\u2019 use of advertising trackers was troubling if not entirely surprising. Such tools can help organizations to reach visitors and tailor ads for them. Google Analytics allows website operators to better understand who is coming to their site and to optimize ad campaigns. The LinkedIn and Snap trackers, like a similar offering from Meta, help companies target their social media ads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevada uses the trackers to help target marketing at uninsured residents, according to Russell Cook, Executive Director of the state agency that operates Nevada\u2019s exchange, Silver State Health Insurance Exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But health care services need to be especially careful with those tools, said John Haskell, a data privacy attorney who has previously worked as an investigator for the Department of Health and Human Services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt doesn&#8217;t surprise me that organizations that have these massive tech stacks that rely on third party-resources don&#8217;t have a full understanding of what the configuration is, what the data flows are, and then once they go to somebody, what that data is being used for,\u201d Haskell said. \u201cIt&#8217;s something that needs to be addressed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-was-state-exchange-data-tied-to-users-identities-nbsp\">How was state exchange data tied to users\u2019 identities?&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>After <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/pixel-hunt\/2025\/04\/28\/how-california-sent-residents-personal-health-data-to-linkedin\">The Markup and CalMatters reported<\/a> on Covered California\u2019s sharing of health data with LinkedIn, the exchange removed its trackers and said it would review its data practices. The news <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/impact\/2025\/05\/02\/after-markup-investigation-linkedin-and-google-face-lawsuit-alleging-improper-access-to-health-data\">triggered<\/a> a class-action lawsuit and questions from federal lawmakers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Markup and CalMatters then examined websites operated by 18 states other than California, as well as Washington, D.C., to see what information they shared as users navigated them. The sites were established under the Affordable Care Act, which requires states to offer health insurance either through their own exchanges or one operated by the federal government.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To test them, we first ran the sites through <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/blacklight\">Blacklight<\/a>, a tool we developed to reveal web trackers. We then reviewed network traffic on the sites to see what data the trackers received when visitors filled out forms.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The results showed that 18 used some sort of tracker. Some were filled with them. Nevada, for example, used nearly 50. By contrast, Blacklight found no tracker of any kind on Washington, D.C.&#8217;s exchange. Popular websites use on average seven trackers, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/blacklight\/2020\/09\/22\/how-we-built-a-real-time-privacy-inspector#survey\">Blacklight scans of the 100,000 most trafficked sites on the web<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of the sites used trackers in relatively innocuous ways, like counting page views.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The four exchanges we found sharing sensitive health data sent varied responses to questions about the tracking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cook said in a statement that trackers placed by his Nevada agency were \u201cinadvertently obtaining information regarding the name and dosage of prescription drugs\u201d and sending it to LinkedIn and Snapchat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cook acknowledged such data was \u201cwholly irrelevant to our marketing efforts\u201d and said it had disabled tracking software pending an audit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jason Lefferts, a spokesperson for Massachusetts Health Connector, said in a statement that \u201cpersonally identifiable information is not part of the tool&#8217;s structure and no personally identifiable information, not even the IP addresses of users of the tool, has ever been shared with any party in any way via this tool.&#8221; But LinkedIn\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/help\/lms\/answer\/a427660\">tracker documentation<\/a> makes clear that it correlates the information it receives with specific LinkedIn accounts so companies can use the data for features like retargeting website visitors. The company\u2019s documentation also states it later obscures this information and eventually deletes it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Spokespeople for the Rhode Island and Maine health exchanges said that they pay a vendor, Consumers\u2019 Checkbook, to run a separate site that allows visitors to explore what plans are available to them through their states\u2019 exchanges. It was from these sites that sensitive information was shared to Google. Consumers\u2019 Checkbook\u2019s sites are at different web addresses than the exchange sites, but are prominently linked to on the exchange sites and display identical branding like the state health exchange\u2019s logo, making it unlikely that an average visitor would realize they were no longer on a state-run domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Christina Spaight O\u2019Reilly, a spokesperson for HealthSource RI, said the company uses Google Analytics to study trends but not to serve ads, and \u201cdisables Google Signals Data Collection, ensuring that no data is shared with Google Ads for audience creation or ad personalization, and no session data is linked to Google&#8217;s advertising cookies or identifiers.\u201d HealthSource RI\u2019s terms of use mention the use of Google Analytics, she noted. A spokesperson for CoverME.gov made similar points, saying that the agency \u201cdoes not collect or retain any data entered into the tool.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consumers\u2019 Checkbook declined to comment beyond the exchanges\u2019 statements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All of the exchanges said that individually identifiable health information, like names and addresses, wasn\u2019t sent to third parties. But the point of the trackers is to enhance information sent about a user with data the platforms already have on that user, and every tracker found by The Markup and CalMatters logged details about individual visitors, such as their operating system, browser, device, and times of visit.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In response to requests for comment, the tech companies whose trackers we examined uniformly said they do not want organizations sending them potentially sensitive health data, and that doing so is against their terms of use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Steve Ganem, Director of Product Management for Google Analytics, said that \u201cby default any data sent to Google Analytics does not identify individuals, and we have strict policies against collecting Private Health Information or advertising based on sensitive information.\u201d A spokesperson for LinkedIn, Brionna Ruff, said that advertisers are not allowed \u201cto target ads based on sensitive data categories,\u201d such as health issues. A spokesperson for Snapchat owner Snap said the same, noting that sending purchases of supplies like prescriptions would run afoul of the company\u2019s rules about sensitive data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/support.google.com\/analytics\/answer\/13297105?hl=en\">A Google Analytics information page<\/a> specifically discusses how organizations that use the company\u2019s tools should comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which protects health data. The page notes that \u201cGoogle makes no representations that Google Analytics satisfies HIPAA requirements.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt is important to ensure that your implementation of Google Analytics and the data collected about visitors to your properties satisfies all applicable legal requirements,\u201d the page reads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-more-incidents\">More incidents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>State exchanges aren\u2019t the only health sites that have sent medical information to social media companies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/pixel-hunt\/2022\/06\/16\/facebook-is-receiving-sensitive-medical-information-from-hospital-websites\">The Markup revealed<\/a> that dozens of hospital websites shared information with Facebook\u2019s parent company, Meta, through a tool called the Meta Pixel. The hospitals faced <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/pixel-hunt\/2022\/09\/19\/meta-faces-mounting-questions-from-congress-on-health-data-privacy-as-hospitals-remove-facebook-tracker\">scrutiny from Congress and legal action<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/pixel-hunt\/2023\/06\/30\/need-to-get-plan-b-or-an-hiv-test-online-facebook-may-know-about-it\">Another Markup investigation<\/a> found trackers logging information about online drugstore visitors purchasing HIV tests and Plan B.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2023, a New York hospital agreed to pay a $300,000 fine for violations of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In response to a series of incidents, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/use-online-tracking-technologies.pdf\">Department of Health and Human Services said in 2023<\/a> that use of social media trackers to log health information could violate HIPAA, although recent court decisions have narrowed how the law can be applied against companies that use those trackers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some plaintiffs have used state laws, like those in California, to argue that they should be compensated for having their health data sent to third parties without consent. Others have argued that this kind of tracking runs afoul of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wisnerbaum.com\/consumer-class-actions\/hr-block-lawsuit\/\">wiretapping or even racketeering laws<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOrganizations aren&#8217;t investing enough time and resources into properly vetting everything,\u201d said Haskell, who advises clients to be very careful about the information they track on their sites. \u201cWhen organizations are saying, \u2018we didn&#8217;t understand that there&#8217;s a certain configuration of this tool that we&#8217;re using,\u2019 well, I can&#8217;t really <em>not<\/em> put that on you.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article was <a href=\"https:\/\/themarkup.org\/pixel-hunt\/2025\/06\/17\/we-caught-4-more-states-sharing-personal-health-data-with-big-tech\">originally published on The Markup<\/a> and was republished under the <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives<\/a> license.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Healthcare exchanges in Nevada, Maine, Massachusetts and Rhode Island shared users\u2019 sensitive health data with companies like Google and LinkedIn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":205,"featured_media":71541,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"disable_grayscale_images":true,"grayscale_contrast":0,"sponsored_content":false,"display_author_bio":true,"story_type":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4677],"tags":[82,213,251,402,493,680,3973,25131,25683],"people":[],"special-report":[],"authors":[25610,25609],"class_list":["post-71539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-state","tag-massachusetts","tag-nevada","tag-privacy","tag-rhode-island","tag-health-data","tag-maine","tag-state-government","tag-technology-news","tag-personal-privacy","author-colin-lecher","author-tomas-apodaca"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.5 (Yoast SEO v24.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>We caught 4 more states sharing personal health data with Big Tech | StateScoop<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Healthcare exchanges in Nevada, Maine, Massachusetts and Rhode Island shared users\u2019 sensitive health data with companies like Google and LinkedIn.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/statescoop.com\/state-personal-healthcare-data-shared-big-tech\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"We caught 4 more states sharing personal health data with Big Tech | StateScoop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Healthcare exchanges in Nevada, Maine, Massachusetts and Rhode Island shared users\u2019 sensitive health data with companies like Google and LinkedIn.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/statescoop.com\/state-personal-healthcare-data-shared-big-tech\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"StateScoop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StateScoop\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-18T14:53:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-18T16:28:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/statescoop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2025\/06\/GettyImages-1467940457.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"867\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Colin Wood\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" 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